Epidemiological studies have found a negative association between cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and frequent sexual mating with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chronic cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and frequent sexual mating on 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced rat model of PD. On the zero day animals were given with an intraperitonial (i.p) injection of MPTP (20mg/kg) and after 48 hours the animals were treated with cigarette smoke, ethanol and frequent sexual mating for 60 days. At the end of study we evaluated effect of these factors by pharmacological, biochemical and histochemical evaluation. Treatment with cigarette smoke, alcohol and frequent sexual mating significantly increased the neurodegeneration which can be evidenced by increase in dopamine amount and iron deposition in substantia nigra (SN) but reduced mitochondrial complex I activity, muscle grip strength, and anti-oxidant enzymes when compared with control group. The present study indicating that cigarette smoke, alcohol and frequent sex may worsen the neurodegeneration in Parkinsonism like disorders.
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